Turkey Mycotoxin Risk Map
MYCOTRACE® is a risk analysis and reporting system developed to reveal the regional and seasonal distribution of mycotoxin contamination in Turkey and to systematically monitor mycotoxin risk on a yearly and quarterly basis, using data obtained from feed and raw material samples analyzed by FAST Lab. Through up-to-date data, the incidence and risk levels of major mycotoxins are regularly evaluated, and regional, seasonal, and matrix-based differences are made visible, providing a scientific foundation to support the decision-making processes of businesses.
Within the scope of MYCOTRACE® analyses, a total of 12 different mycotoxins and their modified derivatives are regularly monitored, including aflatoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes (Type A and B), ochratoxins, and other major mycotoxins. This comprehensive approach enables a holistic evaluation of both single and multiple mycotoxin risks originating from feed and raw materials.
Analyses are carried out within FAST Lab using an accredited infrastructure for multi-mycotoxin analysis, utilizing LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry) technology, which provides high sensitivity and accuracy. Thanks to this advanced analytical approach, the simultaneous detection of numerous mycotoxins in a single analysis is possible, and regional, seasonal, and matrix-based differences are demonstrated with reliable data.
Effects of Mycotoxins on Animal Health and Performance
Toxin List
DON
Deoxynivalenol
ZEN
Zearalenone
AFB1
Aflatoxin B1
FUM
Fumonisins
T-2 / HT-2
Type A Trichothecene toxins
NIV
Nivalenol
DAS
Diacetoxyscirpenol
OTA
Ochratoxin A
Ergot alkaloids
Ergot toxins
Affected Area/System
Mouth and Skin
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, HT-2, NIV, DAS, DON, AFB1, Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Oral and dermal lesions, inflammation of the oral mucosa, respiratory difficulties, impaired feathering
Affected Area/System
Liver
Related Mycotoxins
AFB1, T-2, DON, DAS, NIV, OTA, FUM
Main Effects
Fatty liver, immunosuppression, loss of flock uniformity, nervous symptoms
Affected Area/System
Digestive System
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, DON, FUM, Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Gizzard lesions, reduced feed intake, diarrhea, vasoconstriction (necrosis), decreased performance
Affected Area/System
Gut Health
Related Mycotoxins
DON, FUM
Main Effects
“Leaky gut” syndrome, reduced nutrient absorption, necrotic enteritis, coccidiosis, increased risk of Salmonella and E. coli
Affected Area/System
Kidneys
Related Mycotoxins
OTA
Main Effects
Kidney damage, increased water consumption
Affected Area/System
Reproductive System
Related Mycotoxins
ZEN, DON, T-2, DAS, Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Decreased hatchability, reduced egg production, ovarian cysts, embryonic losses, delayed sexual maturity
Affected Area/System
Egg Quality
Related Mycotoxins
AFB1, OTA, T-2, DON, ZEN
Main Effects
Deterioration in eggshell quality, bloody and spotted eggs, pale yolk color
Affected Area/System
Immune System
Related Mycotoxins
AFB1, DON, T-2, OTA, FUM
Main Effects
Immunosuppression, increased susceptibility to diseases
Affected Area/System Choose
Toxin List
DON
Deoxynivalenol
ZEN
Zearalenone
AFB1
Aflatoxin B1
FUM
Fumonisins
T-2 / HT-2
Type A Trichothecene toxins
NIV
Nivalenol
DAS
Diacetoxyscirpenol
OTA
Ochratoxin A
Ergot alkaloids
Ergot toxins
Affected Area/System
Reproductive System
Related Mycotoxins
ZEN, Ergot alkaloids, Trichothecenes (DON, T-2 etc.), Aflatoxins
Main Effects
Irregular heats, low conception rate, ovarian cysts, embryonic losses, abortions, delayed testis development, reduced sperm production
Affected Area/System
Udder and Milk
Related Mycotoxins
Aflatoxins, DON, NIV, T-2, HT-2
Main Effects
Milk contamination, decreased milk yield, increased risk of mastitis
Affected Area/System
Rumen and Digestion
Related Mycotoxins
DON, NIV, T-2, Aflatoxins, ZEN, Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Impaired rumen function, diarrhea, reduced volatile fatty acid production, decrease in microbial protein synthesis, reduction in rumen pH
Affected Area/System
Gut Health
Related Mycotoxins
Trichothecenes (DON, NIV etc.), FUM
Main Effects
“Leaky gut” condition, reduced nutrient absorption, inflammation
Affected Area/System
Liver
Related Mycotoxins
DON, FUM, Aflatoxins
Main Effects
Increased liver enzymes, hepatotoxicity (liver toxicity)
Affected Area/System
Nervous System
Related Mycotoxins
Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Convulsions (nervous symptoms)
Affected Area/System
Thermoregulation
Related Mycotoxins
Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Disturbance of body temperature regulation
Affected Area/System
Feed Intake and Performance
Related Mycotoxins
DON, NIV, T-2
Main Effects
Reduced feed intake, drop in feed conversion rate
Affected Area/System
Foot Health
Related Mycotoxins
Ergot alkaloids, endotoxins, DON
Main Effects
Lameness (laminitis)
Affected Area/System
General Health and Metabolism
Related Mycotoxins
DON, FUM, Aflatoxins, Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Metabolic stress, performance losses, deterioration in general health status
Affected Area/System Choose
Toxin List
DON
Deoxynivalenol
ZEN
Zearalenone
AFB1
Aflatoxin B1
FUM
Fumonisins
T-2 / HT-2
Type A Trichothecene toxins
NIV
Nivalenol
DAS
Diacetoxyscirpenol
OTA
Ochratoxin A
Ergot alkaloids
Ergot toxins
Affected Area/System
Feed Intake and Performance
Related Mycotoxins
DON, T-2, Zearalenone (ZEN)
Main Effects
Reduced feed intake, loss of appetite, loss of body condition, decreased performance
Affected Area/System
Digestive System
Related Mycotoxins
DON, T-2, Fumonisins (FUM)
Main Effects
Risk of colic, digestive disorders, diarrhea, reduced nutrient absorption
Affected Area/System
Gut Health
Related Mycotoxins
DON, T-2, FUM
Main Effects
“Leaky gut” condition, inflammation, impaired intestinal barrier integrity
Affected Area/System
Liver
Related Mycotoxins
Aflatoxins (AFB1), FUM
Main Effects
Liver damage, increased liver enzymes, hepatotoxicity
Affected Area/System
Nervous System
Related Mycotoxins
Fumonisins
Main Effects
Neurological signs, equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), coordination disorders
Affected Area/System
Immune System
Related Mycotoxins
Aflatoxins, DON, T-2
Main Effects
Immunosuppression, susceptibility to infections
Affected Area/System
Reproductive System
Related Mycotoxins
ZEN, Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Irregular heats, fertility problems, hormonal imbalances
Affected Area/System
Circulatory System and Foot Health
Related Mycotoxins
Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Vazokonstriction, circulatory disorders, laminitis (hoof/foot problems)
Affected Area/System
Kidneys
Related Mycotoxins
Ochratoxin A (OTA)
Main Effects
Impaired kidney functions, increased water consumption
Affected Area/System
General Health and Resilience
Related Mycotoxins
All mycotoxins
Main Effects
Deterioration in general health status, reduced stress tolerance, prolonged recovery time
Affected Area/System Choose
Toxin List
DON
Deoxynivalenol
ZEN
Zearalenone
AFB1
Aflatoxin B1
FUM
Fumonisins
T-2 / HT-2
Type A Trichothecene toxins
NIV
Nivalenol
DAS
Diacetoxyscirpenol
OTA
Ochratoxin A
Ergot alkaloids
Ergot toxins
Affected Area/System
Feed Intake and Growth
Related Mycotoxins
DON, T-2, HT-2
Main Effects
Significant reduction in feed intake, growth retardation, decrease in live weight gain
Affected Area/System
Digestive System
Related Mycotoxins
DON, T-2, HT-2, FUM
Main Effects
Gizzard and intestinal lesions, digestive disorders, diarrhea
Affected Area/System
Gut Health
Related Mycotoxins
DON, FUM
Main Effects
Impaired intestinal barrier integrity, reduced nutrient absorption, “Leaky gut” condition
Affected Area/System
Liver
Related Mycotoxins
Aflatoxins (AFB1), OTA
Main Effects
Liver damage, increased liver enzymes, fatty liver and toxic effects
Affected Area/System
Kidneys
Related Mycotoxins
OTA
Main Effects
Kidney damage, increased water consumption
Affected Area/System
Immune System
Related Mycotoxins
Aflatoxins, DON, T-2
Main Effects
Immunosuppression, increased susceptibility to diseases, weakened vaccine responses
Affected Area/System
Respiratory System
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, HT-2
Main Effects
Respiratory difficulties, decreased performance
Affected Area/System
Feathering and Skin
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, HT-2
Main Effects
Impaired feathering, skin lesions
Affected Area/System
Nervous System
Related Mycotoxins
Aflatoxins, T-2
Main Effects
Nervous symptoms, behavioral changes
Affected Area/System
General Performance and Uniformity
Related Mycotoxins
All mycotoxins
Main Effects
Deterioration in flock uniformity, decrease in feed conversion rate, increased mortality
Affected Area/System Choose
Toxin List
DON
Deoxynivalenol
ZEN
Zearalenone
AFB1
Aflatoxin B1
FUM
Fumonisins
T-2 / HT-2
Type A Trichothecene toxins
NIV
Nivalenol
DAS
Diacetoxyscirpenol
OTA
Ochratoxin A
Ergot alkaloids
Ergot toxins
Affected Area/System
Feed Intake and Growth
Related Mycotoxins
Trichothecenes (DON, T-2), all mycotoxins
Main Effects
Reduced feed intake, growth retardation, decrease in live weight gain
Affected Area/System
General Performance and Mortality
Related Mycotoxins
All mycotoxins
Main Effects
Poor growth performance, immunosuppression, increased mortality
Affected Area/System
Blood Parameters
Related Mycotoxins
Trichothecenes (DON, T-2), Aflatoxin B1
Main Effects
Decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit values, anemia
Affected Area/System
Digestive System
Related Mycotoxins
Aflatoxin B1
Main Effects
Negative effect on digestive enzymes, digestive disorders
Affected Area/System
Liver
Related Mycotoxins
Aflatoxin B1
Main Effects
Liver tumors, liver damage, severe hepatic necrosis
Affected Area/System
Kidneys
Related Mycotoxins
Ochratoxin A, Aflatoxin B1
Main Effects
Kidney necrosis, pale and swollen kidneys
Affected Area/System
Pancreas and Endocrine System
Related Mycotoxins
Fumonisins
Main Effects
Lesions in exocrine and endocrine pancreas
Affected Area/System
Histopathological Changes
Related Mycotoxins
Fumonisins, Ochratoxin A, Aflatoxin B1
Main Effects
Severe tissue damage, histopathological lesions
Affected Area/System
Tissue and Organ Structure
Related Mycotoxins
Fumonisins
Main Effects
Lesions in inter-renal tissues
Affected Area/System Choose
Toxin List
DON
Deoxynivalenol
ZEN
Zearalenone
AFB1
Aflatoxin B1
FUM
Fumonisins
T-2 / HT-2
Type A Trichothecene toxins
NIV
Nivalenol
DAS
Diacetoxyscirpenol
OTA
Ochratoxin A
Ergot alkaloids
Ergot toxins
Affected Area/System
Shrimp Growth
Related Mycotoxins
Trichothecenes (DON, T-2), all mycotoxins
Main Effects
Growth retardation, irregular development
Affected Area/System
Shrimp Meat Quality
Related Mycotoxins
Zearalenone
Main Effects
“White shrimp” appearance, deposit formation in meat
Affected Area/System
Shrimp Health and Resilience
Related Mycotoxins
All mycotoxins
Main Effects
Immunosuppression, increased mortality
Affected Area/System Choose
Toxin List
DON
Deoxynivalenol
ZEN
Zearalenone
AFB1
Aflatoxin B1
FUM
Fumonisins
T-2 / HT-2
Type A Trichothecene toxins
NIV
Nivalenol
DAS
Diacetoxyscirpenol
OTA
Ochratoxin A
Ergot alkaloids
Ergot toxins
Affected Area/System
Liver
Related Mycotoxins
Aflatoxins, especially AFB1, FUM, ZEN, NIV
Main Effects
Loss of appetite, vomiting, jaundice, lethargy, liver enlargement, coagulation disorders, risk of liver failure in advanced cases and sudden death at high doses
Affected Area/System
Kidneys
Related Mycotoxins
OTA, Aflatoxins
Main Effects
Polydipsia, polyuria, increased renal parameters, decreased urine specific gravity, vomiting, weight loss, risk of progression in chronic kidney disease
Affected Area/System
Nervous System
Related Mycotoxins
Tremorgenic mycotoxins, FUM
Main Effects
Tremors, restlessness, muscle weakness, loss of balance and coordination, risk of convulsions and seizures at high doses
Affected Area/System
Immune System
Related Mycotoxins
Aflatoxins, DON, T-2, HT-2, OTA, FUM, ZEN, NIV
Main Effects
Immunosuppression, recurrent infections, delayed wound healing, reduced vaccine response, tendency toward chronic inflammation
Affected Area/System
Skin, Coat and Oral Health
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, HT-2, DAS, DON, Aflatoxins
Main Effects
Oral ulcers, gingivitis, oral irritation, stomatitis, skin itching and lesions, dull coat
Affected Area/System
Reproductive System
Related Mycotoxins
ZEN, Aflatoxins, T-2, HT-2, DON, OTA
Main Effects
Estrogenic effects, reduced fertility, pseudopregnancy, embryonic losses, reduced lactation performance
Affected Area/System
Intestinal Health
Related Mycotoxins
Aflatoxins, DON, NIV, T-2, HT-2, OTA, FUM, ZEN
Main Effects
Loss of appetite, food refusal, vomiting, diarrhea, tendency toward chronic inflammation, leaky gut, weight loss, impaired nutrient absorption
Affected Area/System Choose
Toxin List
DON
Deoxynivalenol
ZEN
Zearalenone
AFB1
Aflatoxin B1
FUM
Fumonisins
T-2 / HT-2
Type A Trichothecene toxins
NIV
Nivalenol
DAS
Diacetoxyscirpenol
OTA
Ochratoxin A
Ergot alkaloids
Ergot toxins
Affected Area/System
Feed Intake and Growth
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, DON, Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Decreased feed intake, feed refusal, impaired growth
Affected Area/System
Mouth and Skin
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, DON, Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Oral and dermal lesions
Affected Area/System
Digestive System
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, DON, Aflatoxins, OTA, FUM, endotoxins
Main Effects
Intestinal hemorrhages, vomiting, digestive disorders
Affected Area/System
Gut Health
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, DON, Aflatoxins, OTA, FUM
Main Effects
Decreased performance, immunosuppression, pancreatic necrosis
Affected Area/System
Liver and Kidneys
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, DON, Aflatoxins, OTA, FUM
Main Effects
Kidney damage, liver damage, blood in feces and urine, inflammation of the bladder and kidneys
Affected Area/System
Respiratory System
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, DON, Aflatoxins, OTA, FUM, endotoxins
Main Effects
Porcine pulmonary edema (PPE), respiratory problems
Affected Area/System
Water Consumption
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, DON, Aflatoxins, OTA
Main Effects
Increased water consumption
Affected Area/System
Reproductive System — Female
Related Mycotoxins
ZEN, T-2, DON, Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Irregular heats, pseudo-pregnancy, low conception rates, ovarian cysts, embryonic losses, abortions, tail necrosis
Affected Area/System
Reproductive and Hormonal Effects
Related Mycotoxins
ZEN, T-2, DON
Main Effects
Nymphomania, uterine hypertrophy, agalactia, stillbirths
Affected Area/System
Foot and Vascular System
Related Mycotoxins
T-2, Ergot alkaloids
Main Effects
Vasoconstriction and necrosis, circulatory disorders
Affected Area/System
Immune System
Related Mycotoxins
DON, T-2, Aflatoxins, OTA
Main Effects
Immunosuppression, increased susceptibility to diseases
Affected Area/System Choose
Kartal Kimya Mycotoxin Management Solutions
Kartal Kimya manages mycotoxin risks originating from feed and raw materials with a holistic approach, in line with MYCOTRACE® risk analyses and accredited LC-MS/MS analytical data provided by F.A.S.T. Lab. With the TOXFINDER® product family, structured according to risk level, it offers science-based and proactive solutions against single and multiple mycotoxin contamination.
Thanks to this approach, businesses can anticipate performance losses caused by mycotoxins, improve feed safety, and manage their production processes in a more controlled manner.
KAVIMIX® Lupro-Cid
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KAVIMIX® Lupro-Cid is a feed additive developed to help maintain hygiene in feed and feed raw materials through organic acid combinations.
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It is effective against pathogens such as Salmonella and E. coli.
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It suppresses mold and yeast growth in feed and raw materials, supporting feed hygiene.
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By preventing spoilage and decomposition caused by microorganisms, it improves storage stability.
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It inhibits microbial growth by reducing the environmental pH.
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By limiting mold growth, which may create favorable conditions for mycotoxin formation, it plays a complementary role within the TOXFINDER® mycotoxin management approach.
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While the TOXFINDER® product is used according to the mycotoxin risk profile determined through MYCOTRACE® data, KAVIMIX® Lupro-Cid supports feed hygiene and creates a preventive barrier.
Application Dosage
2-4 kg per ton of feed
TOXFINDER® ESSENCE
The First Line of Defense – Effective Binding
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TOXFINDER® ESSENCE forms the first line of defense against mycotoxin risk, helping improve feed safety and protect animal health.
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It provides reliable protection through its high mycotoxin-binding capacity.
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By preventing the intestinal absorption of mycotoxins, it enhances feed safety and supports animal health.
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It helps prevent digestive disorders associated with mycotoxin exposure.
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It provides rapid and effective adsorption to neutralize mycotoxins.
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It is an effective solution for low to moderate risk levels.
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It can be easily integrated into feed formulations and maintains its stability over time.
Application Dosage
For all species: 1 kg per ton of feed
Depending on the mycotoxin profile and contamination level, the recommended dosage may vary between 1–2 kg/ton.
TOXFINDER® ADVANCE
Mycotoxin Defense Strengthened with Gut Health Support
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Thanks to its advanced formulation, TOXFINDER® ADVANCE helps reduce mycotoxin risk while supporting gut health.
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It supports the digestive system by promoting a balanced gut flora.
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Its probiotic content promotes the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria.
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It enhances performance and optimizes feed conversion.
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With its broad-spectrum mycotoxin-binding effect, it provides protection against different types of mycotoxins.
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By reducing mycotoxin-induced inflammation in the digestive tract, it supports overall health.
Application Dosage
For all species: 1 kg per ton of feed
Depending on the mycotoxin profile and contamination level, the recommended dosage may vary between 1–2 kg/ton.
TOXFINDER® DEFENCE
The Strongest Defense Against Mycotoxins
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TOXFINDER® DEFENCE is a premium formulation that offers multi-layered defense to help protect liver and gut health.
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It supports the immune system and creates a multi-faceted barrier against mycotoxins.
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Thanks to milk thistle extract, it helps reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on the liver and supports the maintenance of liver function.
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Botanical extracts help reduce mycotoxin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Its prebiotic content helps balance the gut microbiota and supports digestive health.
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It minimizes performance losses and improves feed conversion.
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It provides the highest level of protection against all types of mycotoxins.
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It offers maximum safety by reducing risk under high-risk conditions.
Application Dosage
For all species: 1 kg per ton of feed
Depending on the mycotoxin profile and contamination level, the recommended dosage may vary between 1–2 kg/ton.
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